Summary about Disease
Undescended testicle, also known as cryptorchidism, is a condition where one or both testicles fail to descend into the scrotum before birth. In most cases, the testicle descends on its own within the first few months of life. If it doesn't, medical intervention may be necessary to move it into the correct position.
Symptoms
The primary symptom is the inability to feel or locate one or both testicles in the scrotum. Sometimes, the testicle can be felt in the groin area. There are usually no other immediate physical symptoms associated with the condition in infants or young children.
Causes
The exact cause of undescended testicles is not always clear, but it's thought to be a combination of genetic, maternal health, and environmental factors that disrupt the normal hormonal and physical changes that occur during testicular descent. Prematurity and low birth weight increase the risk.
Medicine Used
Hormone therapy, specifically with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or testosterone, was historically used but is now less common and generally less effective than surgery. It is not typically considered first-line treatment.
Is Communicable
No, undescended testicle is not a communicable or infectious disease. It is a congenital condition.
Precautions
There are no specific precautions to prevent undescended testicles, as it often occurs during fetal development. Prenatal care to ensure a healthy pregnancy is generally advised.
How long does an outbreak last?
Undescended testicle is not an outbreak-related condition. It is present from birth. If the testicle doesn't descend on its own, the condition persists until treated.
How is it diagnosed?
Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination by a doctor. If the testicle cannot be felt in the scrotum or groin, further imaging tests, such as ultrasound or MRI, may be used to locate the testicle. Laparoscopy (a minimally invasive surgery) might be used to locate or retrieve the testicle.
Timeline of Symptoms
At birth: Testicle(s) not felt in the scrotum.
First few months: Possible spontaneous descent of the testicle.
After 6 months: Unlikely spontaneous descent. The condition persists until treatment is pursued.
Important Considerations
Untreated undescended testicles can lead to complications, including infertility, increased risk of testicular cancer, testicular torsion, and inguinal hernia. Early detection and treatment, usually surgery (orchiopexy), are crucial to minimize these risks. Regular self-exams of the testicles should be performed after the testicle is placed in the scrotum to monitor for any abnormalities.